This article provides a breakdown of the Italian healthcare system (SSN), explains what private insurance you’ll need and how to register for care once you become a resident. It also highlights eligibility, regional differences, typical costs and practical steps to ensure you can access medical services confidently after your move to Italy.
The Servizio Sanitario Nazionale (SSN), is designed to ensure that all residents can access essential medical services without financial hardship. Funded through general taxation and regional budgets, it combines universal access with a decentralised structure, each region manages its own network of hospitals, clinics and local health authorities (ASL or ATS).
Once registered as a resident, individuals are entitled to public healthcare through the SSN. Most services are free at the point of use, though small co-payments (“ticket”) may apply for prescriptions, tests and some specialist visits.
Those who are not yet resident, such as people on temporary visas or new arrivals, must have private health insurance that meets visa and residence-permit requirements.
Each person enrolled in the SSN chooses a medico di base (family doctor). They are your first point of contact for almost all medical issues, provide referrals to specialists and maintain your medical records.
Specialist appointments within the SSN are usually arranged through your local health authority, and you’ll receive subsidised rates once referred.
Waiting times can vary, particularly for non-urgent procedures, so many residents also use private clinics for faster appointments. This “dual system” of public and private care works well for those who want both affordable access and flexibility.
Emergency care is accessible to everyone in Italy, regardless of insurance or residency status. Dial 118 for medical emergencies, paramedics and hospitals will provide stabilising treatment immediately and SSN-registered residents receive full coverage.
While national standards apply, each of Italy’s 20 regions operates semi-independently. Northern regions such as Lombardy, Emilia-Romagna and Veneto often have highly developed facilities and digital systems, while southern and rural areas can experience longer waits or fewer specialists.
Public hospitals are usually the main point of care for emergencies, surgery and maternity, while private hospitals and clinics provide shorter waits, more choice and often English-speaking doctors.
Pharmacies play a central role in everyday healthcare. Many common treatments can be obtained directly from a pharmacist, who is qualified to give advice and determine whether you need a prescription.
Prescription medicines are subsidised through the SSN, with co-payments depending on drug category and region.
Dental and vision care are only partly included in the SSN. Emergency or paediatric dental care is typically covered, but routine adult treatments, such as cleanings, fillings and check-ups, are private.
Likewise, eye exams and glasses are paid out-of-pocket unless medically necessary.
Preventative medicine is a strong focus of Italian healthcare. Regional health authorities offer free or low-cost screenings for cancers, vaccinations, and maternity support.
Expect to receive invitations for routine checks once registered.
You’ll need private health insurance that meets visa requirements (valid in Italy, full coverage, no major exclusions).
Once employed and contributing to Italy’s tax system, you can register for the SSN through your local ASL and choose your GP.
After opening a partita IVA, you can enrol in the SSN and pay a contribution based on income or a regional rate.
Dependants of SSN-eligible residents can usually enrol through family ties.
Student visas require proof of private health insurance, though some regions allow temporary SSN access.
You can continue with private international insurance or apply for voluntary SSN enrolment. The voluntary contribution is a flat fee determined annually and may vary by region.
US Medicare does not cover healthcare costs in Italy. US insurance plans generally do not fulfil visa or SSN requirements.
Once eligible, visit your local ASL (Azienda Sanitaria Locale) office with:
You’ll be assigned a tessera sanitaria (health card) and can then choose your GP.
Private clinics and hospitals operate across Italy and can be used with or without insurance. Many expats combine SSN access with private insurance to:
Policies vary in price depending on age, region, and level of coverage. Always confirm whether your policy meets Italian visa or residency requirements.
The following table is a guide only and should not be relied upon for accuracy
|
Service |
Cost under SSN |
Private equivalent |
|
GP visits |
Free |
€50–€100 |
|
Specialist consultation |
€20–€50 co-pay |
€100–€200 |
|
Basic prescription |
€2–€5 |
N/A |
|
Private dental check-up |
N/A |
€60–€150 |
|
Voluntary SSN enrolment |
Flat annual fee (varies) |
N/A |
No. Before obtaining residency, you must have private insurance. After residency, some categories—like employees or self-employed workers—can join the SSN, which provides low-cost or free services.
Yes. Italy consistently ranks highly for public health outcomes and life expectancy. Service levels can vary regionally, but overall care is high quality and affordable.
It depends on your expectations. The SSN covers most essential care, but many people retain private cover for faster access or English-speaking doctors.
Only partially. The SSN mainly covers urgent or paediatric dental care. Adults usually pay privately.
You can, but it typically won’t meet Italian visa rules or cover care locally. International or Italian-based insurance is usually necessary.
In large cities you’ll find English-speaking professionals, but it’s still helpful to learn key Italian terms, especially for appointments and prescriptions.
This article is for informational purposes only and is designed to help Americans understand how Italy’s healthcare system works. It is not legal, medical, or insurance advice and healthcare rules may vary by region and change over time. Always verify information with official Italian government sources before making decisions.
